Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
Published on: February 24, 2018
The beneficial effect of cathodic hydrogen peroxide generation on mitigating chlorinated by-product formation during
Weikun Yao1, Jing Fu1, Hongwei Yang1
1School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Abstract:
The formation of chlorinated by-products is a major concern associated with electrochemical water treatment processes. This study investigated the formation of chlorinated by-products during surface water treatment by a newly developed electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP), the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process, which couples ozonation with in situ electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from cathodic oxygen reduction. Due to the enhanced ozone (O3) conversion to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by electro-generated H2O2, the E-peroxone process considerably accelerated the abatement of ozone-refractory micropollutants such as clofibric acid and chloramphenicol in the selected surface water compared to conventional ozonation. In addition, the cathodically generated H2O2 effectively quenched hypochlorous acid (HOCl) derived from the anodic oxidation of chloride in the surface water. Therefore, the formation of trichloromethane (TCM) and chloroacetic acids (CAAs) from the reactions of HOCl with dissolved organic matter (DOM) was insignificant during the E-peroxone process, and similar levels of TCM and CAAs were generally observed in the conventional ozonation and E-peroxone treated water. In contrast, considerable amounts of HOCl could be generated from the anodic oxidation of chloride and then accumulated in the surface water during conventional electrolysis process, which resulted in significantly higher concentrations of TCM and CAAs in the electrolysis treated water. The results of this study suggest that the E-peroxone process can overcome the major limitation of conventional electrochemical processes and provide an effective and safe EAOP alternative for micropollutant abatement during water treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
Hydrogen Bonds
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
Electro-mechanical Systems
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination

