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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

102.9K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
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Detecting fluorescent dark matter with X-ray lasers.

Francesca Day1, Malcolm Fairbairn2

  • 11DAMTP, CMS, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA UK.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers propose searching for fluorescent dark matter using new X-ray laser facilities. This novel approach could detect dark matter candidates by observing their decay signatures, potentially explaining astronomical anomalies.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • X-ray Astronomy

Background:

  • An unexplained 3.5 keV X-ray excess in the Perseus Cluster and a deficit in NGC 1275 suggest new physics.
  • Fluorescent dark matter is a theoretical candidate proposed to explain these astronomical observations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel experimental method for detecting fluorescent dark matter.
  • To leverage upcoming X-ray laser facilities for dark matter searches.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental setup involving a high-intensity laser passed through a lead-shielded cylinder.
  • Excitation of fluorescent dark matter by laser photons.
  • Detection of decaying dark matter particles using X-ray detectors placed outside the shielding.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method is feasible at next-generation X-ray laser facilities like LCLS-II.
  • An expected detection rate of 1-10 events per week is predicted for parameters consistent with astronomical data.

Conclusions:

  • X-ray laser facilities offer a promising new avenue for the direct detection of fluorescent dark matter.
  • This experimental approach could validate or refute fluorescent dark matter as an explanation for observed cosmic X-ray signals.