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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
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Circulating 11-oxygenated androgens across species.

Juilee Rege1, Scott Garber1, Alan J Conley2

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|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated 11-oxygenated androgens across 18 species, finding them in primates and pigs, unlike rodents. In primates, these androgens are adrenal-derived, not testis-dependent, differing from fish.

Keywords:
11-OxyandrogensAdrenalPrimatesSteroids

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Steroid Biochemistry

Background:

  • Adrenal cortex produces dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), with high levels in primates.
  • Human adrenals secrete 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), including bioactive 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT).
  • 11-oxyandrogens are known testicular androgens in fish, but their role in humans and other mammals is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze C19 steroids, including 11-oxyandrogens, across 18 animal species.
  • To investigate the species-specific distribution and potential origin of 11-oxyandrogens.
  • To compare the endocrine profiles of 11-oxyandrogens between primates, fish, and other mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 18 animal species were analyzed for C19 steroids.
  • Quantification of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and various 11-oxyandrogens (11OHA4, 11KA4, 11OHT, 11KT).
  • Comparative analysis of steroid concentrations between species, sexes, and tissues (implied by gonadal origin discussion).

Main Results:

  • Serum DHEA and DHEAS were significantly higher in primates compared to other species.
  • Circulating 11-oxyandrogens, particularly 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), were found in male trout but not female trout, suggesting gonadal origin in fish.
  • 11-oxyandrogens were detected in pigs, guinea pigs, and all studied primates, but not in rats or mice. 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4) was the most abundant.
  • In primates, serum 11KT levels were similar in males and females, despite higher testosterone in males, indicating adrenal origin rather than testicular dependence.

Conclusions:

  • 11-oxyandrogen production varies significantly across mammalian species.
  • In primates, 11-oxyandrogens appear to be primarily of adrenal origin, unlike their testicular role in fish.
  • This study establishes a comparative endocrine landscape for 11-oxyandrogens, highlighting their unique physiological roles in different taxa.