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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

9.5K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

8.4K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles

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Biodegradable Polymeric Architectures via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerizations.

Fengyu Quan1, Aitang Zhang2, Fangfang Cheng3

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. quanfengyu@qdu.edu.cn.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable polymers synthesized using reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) offer versatile applications in biomedical science. These advanced polymeric architectures, including nanogels and hydrogels, are crucial for developing novel drug delivery systems and biomaterials.

Keywords:
biodegradablepolymeric structuresreversible deactivation radical polymerizations

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are powerful techniques for creating complex polymer structures.
  • Incorporating biodegradability into synthetic polymers expands their potential for biomedical applications.
  • Well-defined polymeric architectures are essential for advanced materials and drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and applications of biodegradable polymeric architectures prepared via RDRPs.
  • To highlight the design strategies for creating diverse biodegradable polymer structures.
  • To explore the use of these polymers in fabricating nanostructured materials for biomedical use.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing various RDRP techniques to control polymer architecture.
  • Designing chain transfer agents and employing post-polymerization modifications.
  • Fabricating nanostructures like micelles, vesicles, capsules, nanogels, and hydrogels through self-assembly or cross-linking.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized well-defined star-shaped, cross-linked, and hyperbranched biodegradable polymers.
  • Demonstrated the fabrication of various nanostructured materials including micelles, vesicles, capsules, nanogels, and hydrogels.
  • Explored the use of natural precursors like cellulose and biomolecules in conjunction with RDRPs.

Conclusions:

  • RDRPs provide a versatile platform for synthesizing biodegradable polymeric architectures with tunable properties.
  • These biodegradable materials hold significant promise for diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering.
  • The integration of natural precursors further broadens the scope of biodegradable polymer design and application.