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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.6K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis01:28

Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis

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Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
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Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects01:07

Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects

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Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
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Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins

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Polymers for extended-release administration.

Marion S Paolini1, Owen S Fenton1, Chandrabali Bhattacharya1

  • 1Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.

Biomedical Microdevices
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores formulation and administration strategies for controlled drug delivery. It examines how these factors influence therapeutic bioavailability and extended release profiles for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Controlled release systemDrug deliveryExtended releasePolymer

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Controlled release and drug delivery aim to optimize therapeutic efficacy by achieving target concentrations within the therapeutic window.
  • Current drug delivery systems function as depots, triggers, and carriers for various therapeutics, but their efficacy is administration-dependent.
  • Systemic and oral administration routes often lead to rapid drug clearance, limiting therapeutic duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss historical and modern drug delivery systems.
  • To explore formulation and administration route strategies for prolonging therapeutic bioavailability.
  • To investigate the influence of formulation, administration route, and chemical structure on extended-release drug profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing drug delivery systems and administration routes.
  • Analysis of factors influencing drug release kinetics and bioavailability.
  • Discussion of formulation strategies for controlled and sustained therapeutic delivery.

Main Results:

  • Drug delivery system efficacy is significantly influenced by administration route and formulation.
  • Specific formulations and administration strategies can achieve tunable, extended-release drug profiles.
  • Chemical structure plays a role in modulating drug release and bioavailability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing formulation and administration routes is crucial for achieving prolonged therapeutic bioavailability.
  • Advanced drug delivery systems offer potential for enhanced therapeutic outcomes with reduced patient burden.
  • Further research into formulation-drug interactions and novel administration techniques is warranted.