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Association of antioxidants and vitamin D level with inflammation in children with atopic dermatitis
Urszula Daniluk1, Aleksandra Filimoniuk1, Monika Kowalczuk-Krystoń1
1Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Insights
Children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) often have low vitamin D and retinol levels. Routine testing for vitamin D deficiency is recommended, especially during AD flare-ups.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dermatology
- Nutritional Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Allergic diseases may be influenced by vitamin D and antioxidant nutrient levels.
- Investigated the association between serum CoQ10, vitamin D, retinol, and α-tocopherol and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D, retinol, α-tocopherol, CoQ10, and the severity of atopic dermatitis in children.
Main Methods:
- Enrolled 29 children with AD (aged 1-15) and 22 controls (aged 2-15).
- Categorized AD severity using SCORAD index (mild/moderate ≤50; severe >50).
- Measured serum vitamin D, retinol, α-tocopherol, CoQ10, CRP, CBC, and total IgE.
Main Results:
- Severe AD cases showed higher prevalence of low vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) and decreased retinol levels.
- Retinol levels correlated negatively with inflammatory markers (PLT, WBC, IgE) and positively with MPV and SCORAD.
- Vitamin D levels correlated with MPV; no significant changes in tocopherol or CoQ10 were observed.
Conclusions:
- Routine vitamin D deficiency screening is advised for children with AD, particularly during exacerbations.
- Confirmed the correlation between serum inflammatory markers and decreased vitamin A in children with AD.
- The observed decrease in vitamin A may reflect disease severity rather than solely dietary inadequacy.
Background:
Changing the resources of vitamin D and antioxidant nutrients may affect the course of allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between CoQ10, vitamin D, retinol, and α-tocopherol serum levels and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.
Methods:
Twenty-nine children with AD aged from 1 to 15 years were enrolled into the study. The severity of AD was categorized into mild or moderate (≤50 points in SCORAD - Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index) and severe (>50 SCORAD points). The control group was comprised of 22 children with negative history of allergy aged from 2 to 15. The serum measurements included vitamin D, retinol, α-tocopherol, CoQ10, C-reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count (CBC), and total immunoglobulin E (IgE).
Results:
Low vitamin D concentration (<20 ng/ml) was observed mainly in patients with severe AD (77.8%), compared to children with mild or moderate AD (25%) or the control group (31.8%). Concentration of retinol was decreased significantly in patients with severe AD (median 1.32 μmol/l), compared to children with mild and moderate AD (median 1.66 μmol/l), but not to the control. Among inflammatory markers, only the group with severe AD demonstrated significantly elevated platelet count (PLT), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and eosinophil count (EO). Retinol level correlated with PLT (R = -0.7; P = 0.003), white blood count (WBC) (R = -0.54; P = 0.01), total IgE (R = -0.51; P = 0.016), mean platelet volume (MPV) (R = 0.51; P = 0.02), and also with a disease severity index, SCORAD (R = -0.55; P = 0.007), whereas vitamin D level correlated only with MPV (R = 0.61; P = 0.003). No significant changes were found in tocopherol and CoQ10 levels between groups.
Conclusions:
Children with AD should be routinely tested for vitamin D deficiency, especially during disease exacerbation. Our results confirmed correlation of serum inflammatory markers with decreased concentration of vitamin A in children with AD. This finding, however, might be an effect of severe stage of disease and not only of inadequate intake of retinol in the diet.
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