A Simple Instrument Suite for Characterizing Habitability and Weathering: The Modern Aqueous Habitat Reconnaissance...

Area of Science:

• Astrobiology
• Planetary Science
• Geochemistry

Background:

• The Martian shallow subsurface offers potential for microbial life due to temporary moisture, radiation shielding, and nutrient availability from aeolian processes.
• Understanding subsurface aqueous environments is crucial for assessing extraterrestrial habitability and geological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the Modern Aqueous Habitat Reconnaissance Suite (MAHRS) for identifying habitable subsurface environments on Mars and other planetary bodies.
• To detail MAHRS's capabilities in detecting regolith wetness, brine, and characterizing near-surface conditions.

Main Methods:

• MAHRS utilizes a regolith wetness sensor to detect brine, a key indicator of potential habitability.
• The suite includes an electric field sensor, optical microscope, and radiometer to study the near-surface environment and aeolian mixing.
• MAHRS is designed to identify optimal locations for sample collection for return to Earth.

Main Results:

• The instrument is capable of measuring regolith wetness and searching for brine in the Martian shallow subsurface.
• MAHRS can characterize the near-surface environment, including effects of aeolian processes.
• The system aids in selecting prime areas for future sample return missions.

Conclusions:

• MAHRS is a valuable tool for exploring potential Martian habitats and understanding aqueous geochemistry.
• The suite's adaptability allows for the assessment of habitability on icy worlds.
• MAHRS enhances the strategic selection of sites for astrobiological sample collection.