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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes
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Antifungal Paper Based on a Polyborneolacrylate Coating.

Jiangqi Xu1, Yujia Bai2, Meijiao Wan3

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. 13121049677@163.com.

Polymers
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new polyborneolacrylate (PBA) coating effectively prevents fungal damage to paper. This non-toxic, cost-effective method maintains paper quality and is ideal for preserving paper products.

Keywords:
antifungalcoatingpaper productspolyborneolacrylatesurface stereochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Paper products are vulnerable to fungal biodeterioration, leading to damage.
  • Existing antimicrobial treatments pose health risks and can harm paper properties.
  • There is a need for safe, effective, and economical antifungal solutions for paper.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel antifungal coating for paper using surface stereochemistry.
  • To assess the efficacy of polyborneolacrylate (PBA) against common paper-degrading fungi.
  • To determine the impact of PBA coating on paper's physicochemical and inking properties.

Main Methods:

  • A thin layer of polyborneolacrylate (PBA) was applied to paper surfaces.
  • Coated paper samples were challenged with airborne fungi, including Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp.
  • Physicochemical properties (whiteness, pH, mechanical strength) and inking performance were analyzed post-coating.

Main Results:

  • A 10% PBA coating concentration (19-μm infiltration) effectively prevented fungal growth and kept paper spotless.
  • PBA coating significantly inhibited fungal spore germination.
  • Coated paper exhibited only minor, acceptable changes in whiteness, pH, mechanical strength, and inking.

Conclusions:

  • Polyborneolacrylate (PBA) offers a safe, rapid, and cost-effective antifungal solution for paper products.
  • The PBA coating demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy against common paper-degrading fungi.
  • This method shows significant potential for preserving paper integrity and extending the lifespan of paper products.