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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications
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A Temperature-Tunable Thiophene Polymer Laser.

Mohamad S AlSalhi1,2, Ahlam Rashed Almotiri3, Saradh Prasad4,5

  • 1Research Chair on laser diagnosis of cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. malsalhi@ksu.edu.sa.

Polymers
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel temperature-tunable conjugated polymer laser. This polymer laser, operating in amplified spontaneous emission mode, demonstrates efficient energy transfer and wavelength tuning via temperature control.

Keywords:
amplified spontaneous emissiondimer lasertemperature-tunable emissionthiophene conjugated polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Organic electronics
  • Laser technology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers are promising materials for optoelectronic devices.
  • Developing tunable and efficient polymer lasers is an ongoing research challenge.
  • Superradiant (SR) or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) modes offer pathways to high-power laser emission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel temperature-tunable conjugated polymer laser.
  • To investigate the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of poly[3-(2-ethyl-isocyanato-octadecanyl)-thiophene] (TCP).
  • To enhance ASE efficiency through energy transfer mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of poly[3-(2-ethyl-isocyanato-octadecanyl)-thiophene] (TCP).
  • Absorption spectroscopy to study aggregate formation.
  • Optical pumping experiments to observe and analyze amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).
  • Utilizing energy transfer from 9,9,9',9',9″,9″-hexakis(octyl)-2,7',2',7″-trifluorene (HOTF) to enhance ASE.

Main Results:

  • TCP forms aggregates (dimers) with increasing concentration and decreasing temperature.
  • Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was successfully achieved under specific conditions.
  • Energy transfer from HOTF significantly improved ASE efficiency.
  • The ASE wavelength was tunable from 550 to 610 nm by adjusting the temperature between 60 °C and 10 °C.

Conclusions:

  • Poly[3-(2-ethyl-isocyanato-octadecanyl)-thiophene] (TCP) can function as a temperature-tunable laser in the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) mode.
  • The developed polymer laser exhibits high power and efficient wavelength tuning.
  • This work represents the first report of a high-power, temperature-tunable conjugated polymer laser.