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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Engineering an Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction for high-efficiency solar-to-hydrogen conversion.

Mohamed Ibrahim^1,2, Ashour M Ahmed³, Mamduh J Aljaafreh³

¹Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|February 19, 2026

Summary

A novel silver/copper oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄) heterostructure was developed for efficient solar-driven water splitting. The optimized 3.34% Ag composite achieved a high photocurrent density, showing promise for sustainable hydrogen production.

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Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

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Published on: August 23, 2012

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photocatalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production.
Developing efficient photoelectrodes with enhanced light absorption and charge transport is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a ternary Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure for PEC water splitting.
To optimize silver loading for maximum PEC performance.
To investigate the synergistic effects of Ag, CuO, and g-C₃N₄ on photocatalytic activity.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄ ternary heterostructures.
Characterization using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Photoelectrochemical performance evaluation through photocurrent density measurements.

Main Results:

Successful formation of CuO/g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions with effective Ag incorporation confirmed by XPS and FTIR.
Enhanced visible-light absorption due to synergistic effects of CuO, g-C₃N₄, and Ag plasmonic resonance.
The 3.34% Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure achieved a maximum photocurrent density of -9.97 mA cm^-2.

Conclusions:

The Ag/CuO/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure significantly improves PEC efficiency for water splitting.
Optimized silver loading is critical for maximizing performance.
This material shows great potential as a photoelectrode for efficient solar hydrogen production.