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The Association Between ENT Diseases and Obesity in Pediatric Population: A Systemic Review of Current Knowledge

Joanna Krajewska Wojciechowska1, Wojciech Krajewski2, Tomasz Zatoński1

  • 11 Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|April 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity increases the risk of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders, including otitis media and obstructive sleep apnea. Obese children face more frequent and severe ENT issues compared to their lean peers.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern with significant implications.
  • Obesity is linked to numerous health issues, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal disorders.
  • The association between pediatric obesity and otorhinolaryngological (ENT) conditions requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between childhood obesity and common ENT disorders.
  • To highlight how obesity may predispose children to specific ENT conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of the impact of obesity on the immune system and upper airway mechanics.
  • Identification of specific ENT conditions associated with childhood obesity.

Main Results:

  • Obese children exhibit increased susceptibility to various ENT illnesses.
  • Obesity is associated with otitis media (with effusion, acute, recurrent), adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • Childhood obesity correlates with sensorineural hearing loss and increased post-adenotonsillectomy complications.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity significantly predisposes children to a range of otorhinolaryngological disorders.
  • Immune system dysregulation and mechanical upper airway changes in obese children contribute to these conditions.
  • Obesity is a key factor in the "OSA, obesity, asthma" triad, underscoring its systemic impact.

Keywords:
ENT pathologiesasthmachildrenobesityotitis mediaotorhinolaryngological diseases

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