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Genomic Balance and Speciation.

James A Birchler1, Reiner A Veitia2

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

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|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic imbalance, particularly aneuploidy, can lead to hybrid incompatibilities. Compensatory genetic changes establish new balances, but these break down in hybrids, causing detrimental effects and contributing to speciation.

Keywords:
Gene balance hypothesisaneuploidydosage sensitivityhybrid incompatibilitypolyploidywhole genome duplication

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Speciation research

Background:

  • Genomic balance is crucial for organismal viability.
  • Aneuploidy and polyploidy impact gene expression through stoichiometric imbalances.
  • Genomic imbalance is often lethal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of genomic balance in the accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities.
  • To propose a mechanism for how stoichiometric relationships change during speciation.
  • To link these changes to the development of hybrid incompatibilities.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual discussion integrating existing knowledge on aneuploidy, polyploidy, and gene expression stoichiometry.
  • Theoretical framework proposing compensatory drift in macromolecular complexes.
  • Analysis of how altered stoichiometric relationships in hybrids lead to incompatibilities.

Main Results:

  • Aneuploidy causes more global gene expression modulations than polyploidy.
  • Genes involved in molecular complexes, such as transcription factors, are key.
  • Compensatory drift can establish new functional balances in isolated populations.
  • These new balances result in detrimental interactions when populations hybridize.

Conclusions:

  • Altered stoichiometric relationships due to compensatory drift contribute significantly to hybrid incompatibilities.
  • Genomic imbalance plays a critical role in the speciation process.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to explaining reproductive isolation.