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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
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In utero sFlt-1 exposure differentially affects gene expression patterns in fetal liver.

V Stojanovska1, K M Holwerda2, A M van der Graaf3

  • 11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,University of Groningen,University Medical Center Groningen,The Netherlands.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) during pregnancy cause fetal growth restriction and alter fetal liver fatty acid metabolism. These changes impact key genes and Ppara targets, affecting fetal development.

Keywords:
animaldevelopmental stageepigeneticsfetusgeneralmolecular/cellularsmall animals

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase factor 1 (sFlt-1) is implicated in preeclampsia's antiangiogenic effects.
  • The impact of elevated sFlt-1 on fetal health, particularly liver physiology, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying sFlt-1 concentrations during pregnancy on fetal liver physiology.
  • To determine the relationship between maternal sFlt-1 levels and fetal growth, liver gene expression, and epigenetic modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Adenoviral gene delivery was used to overexpress sFlt-1 in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats.
  • Fetal growth, dam blood pressure, and proteinuria were assessed.
  • Microarray analysis and pyrosequencing were employed to examine fetal liver gene expression and DNA methylation patterns, focusing on fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets.

Main Results:

  • High maternal sFlt-1 concentrations led to significant fetal growth restriction without inducing hypertension or proteinuria in dams.
  • Microarray analysis revealed enrichment of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and Ppara targets in the fetal liver of the high sFlt-1 group.
  • Pyrosequencing indicated decreased promoter methylation of Ppara in fetuses exposed to high sFlt-1 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated sFlt-1 during gestation detrimentally affects fetal liver physiology.
  • High sFlt-1 concentrations disrupt fetal fatty acid metabolism and Ppara signaling pathways.
  • These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which maternal sFlt-1 impacts fetal development.