Posttransplant epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pediatric Pathology
• Transplant Surgery

Background:

• Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a rare variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT).
• EIMS typically affects children and young adults, with post-transplant occurrence being exceptionally rare.
• Factors like immunosuppression and viral infections are implicated in post-transplant IMT etiology.

Observation:

• A 2-year-old female, 8 months post-liver transplant for PFIC, developed multiple omental and mesenteric tumor nodules.
• Initial biopsy suggested a mesenchymal neoplasm; debulking was performed.
• Final histology confirmed EIMS in the resected tumor.

Findings:

• The patient achieved remission 7 months post-surgery without systemic chemotherapy.
• This represents the first reported case of EIMS in a pediatric liver transplant recipient.
• Only five cases of IMT post-solid organ transplant have been previously documented.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of EIMS in the context of solid organ transplantation.
• It suggests EIMS may occur in post-transplant settings, even in young children.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the etiology and metastatic potential of EIMS in transplant patients.