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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Photocatalytically active ladder polymers.

Anastasia Vogel1, Mark Forster, Liam Wilbraham

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. aicooper@liverpool.ac.uk.

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|April 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conjugated ladder polymers (cLaPs) show promise for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Rigidified cLaP1 exhibits superior performance due to enhanced charge stability and a greater driving force for hydrogen evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis
  • Organic Semiconductors

Background:

  • Conjugated ladder polymers (cLaPs) are a novel class of organic semiconductors.
  • Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is crucial for sustainable energy solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize rigidified, planarized conjugated ladder polymers (cLaPs).
  • To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of cLaPs for hydrogen evolution from water.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cLaPs via post-polymerization annulation and oxidation.
  • Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiments under broadband illumination.
  • Transient absorption spectroscopy to study charge carrier dynamics.

Main Results:

  • cLaP1, featuring dibenzo[b,d]thiophene subunits, showed high photocatalytic activity (1307 μmol h-1 g-1).
  • cLaP2, with dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone subunits, exhibited significantly lower activity (18 μmol h-1 g-1).
  • cLaP1 demonstrated longer-lived charges (μs to ms) and a larger overpotential for proton reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Rigidification and planarization in cLaPs enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
  • cLaP1's superior performance is linked to improved charge carrier properties and driving force.
  • cLaPs are promising materials for efficient organic semiconductor-based photocatalysis.