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A Content Analysis of Sexual Consent and Refusal Communication in Mainstream Films
Kristen N Jozkowski1, Tiffany L Marcantonio2, Kelley E Rhoads3
1a Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation , University of Arkansas; and The Kinsey Institute Indiana University.
Journal of Sex Research
|April 12, 2019
Summary
Films often depict sexual consent through nonverbal cues, potentially normalizing implicit communication for young adults. This study analyzed 50 mainstream films to understand how consent and refusal are portrayed.
Area of Science:
- Media Studies
- Sociology
- Communication Studies
Background:
- Young adults often lack comprehensive sex education.
- Mass media, including films, significantly influences sexual attitudes and behaviors.
- Effective sexual consent communication is crucial for healthy sexual experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the depiction of sexual consent and refusal communication in mainstream films.
- To examine contextual factors influencing consent and refusal portrayals, such as gender and relationship status.
Main Methods:
- Content analysis of 50 popular mainstream films released in 2013.
- Development of a codebook for analyzing consent and refusal cues.
- Statistical analysis (chi-squared) to compare communication based on demographics.
Main Results:
- Nonverbal or implicit cues were the most frequent forms of consent and refusal communication.
- Consent was predominantly shown immediately preceding sexual activity.
- No gender differences were found in consent cue portrayal, but established relationships utilized nonverbal cues more than novel ones.
Conclusions:
- Films may normalize nonverbal or implicit consent communication among young adults.
- Media portrayals can shape perceptions and understanding of sexual consent.
- Further research is needed on the impact of these portrayals on real-world sexual interactions.
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