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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
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Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase STK16.

Junjun Wang1,2, Xinmiao Ji3, Juanjuan Liu4

  • 1High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. wjunjun@mail.ustc.edu.cn.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Serine/Threonine kinase 16 (STK16) is a key Golgi-associated protein involved in cell signaling and protein secretion. Further research is needed to fully understand its regulatory mechanisms and diverse cellular functions.

Keywords:
Golgi apparatusSTK16cell cyclefatty acylationkinasephosphorylationprotein secretion and sorting

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • STK16 (Ser/Thr kinase 16) is a ubiquitously expressed, myristoylated/palmitoylated Ser/Thr protein kinase.
  • It belongs to the NAK kinase family with an atypical activation loop and is primarily localized to the Golgi.
  • STK16 is conserved across eukaryotes and distantly related to other kinases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on STK16.
  • To review its distribution, molecular characteristics, post-translational modifications, interactors, and functions.
  • To highlight STK16 as an underexplored kinase and encourage further studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on STK16.
  • Analysis of STK16's molecular properties and localization.
  • Compilation of data on STK16's functional roles and interactions.

Main Results:

  • STK16 participates in TGF-β signaling, TGN protein secretion/sorting, cell cycle, and Golgi assembly regulation.
  • Key interactors include GlcNAcK, DRG1, MAL2, Actin, and WDR1.
  • Post-translational modifications include fatty acylation and phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

  • STK16 is a multifunctional kinase with significant roles in cellular processes.
  • Its unique structure and membrane association suggest critical regulatory functions.
  • Further investigation into STK16's regulation and cellular functions is warranted.