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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.0K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.0K
Pulse01:05

Pulse

3.5K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
3.5K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.7K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.7K
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

1.3K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.3K
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

2.3K
Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
2.3K
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

1.4K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
1.4K

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Pulsed EPR Methods to Study Biomolecular Interactions.

Irina Ritsch1, Daniel Klose2, Henrik Hintz3

  • 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, SCS-Metrohm Award for best oral presentation in Physical Chemistry;,

Chimia
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthogonal site-directed spin labelling and pulsed EPR spectroscopy enable precise distance measurements in complex biomolecules. This study details methods for multi-spin labelled systems, including Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) and Relaxation Induced Dipolar Modulation Enhancement (RIDME).

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Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a key technique for studying biomolecular interactions at the molecular level.
  • Advancements in pulse EPR methods allow for distance distribution measurements within the nanometer range, even in complex biological systems.
  • Orthogonal site-directed spin labelling provides a powerful tool for probing molecular structures and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline considerations for measuring distance distributions in macromolecular systems labelled with multiple, distinct paramagnetic centers.
  • To demonstrate the application of advanced EPR techniques in complex, multi-spin labelled systems.
  • To optimize experimental parameters for orthogonal spin pair measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed spin labelling with multiple, orthogonal paramagnetic centers (e.g., nitroxide, Gd(III), Cu(II)).
  • Application of Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) spectroscopy for distance measurements.
  • Optimization of Relaxation Induced Dipolar Modulation Enhancement (RIDME) experiments for specific spin pairs.

Main Results:

  • Successful application of DEER to a triple spin-labelled protein dimer using nitroxide and Gd(III) labels.
  • Demonstrated optimization of the RIDME experiment for Cu(II)-nitroxide spin pairs.
  • Validation of orthogonal spin labelling strategies for complex macromolecular systems.

Conclusions:

  • Orthogonal site-directed spin labelling combined with advanced pulsed EPR techniques is highly effective for determining nanometer-scale distances in complex biomolecular systems.
  • The presented methods and optimizations facilitate the study of intricate biological assemblies.
  • This approach significantly enhances the capability to probe biomolecular interactions and structures.