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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
Published on: January 3, 2016
Cavity-Based 3D Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Coherent Scattering
Dominik Windey1, Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero2,3, Patrick Maurer2,3
1Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Abstract:
We experimentally realize cavity cooling of all three translational degrees of motion of a levitated nanoparticle in vacuum. The particle is trapped by a cavity-independent optical tweezer and coherently scatters tweezer light into the blue detuned cavity mode. For vacuum pressures around 10^{-5} mbar, minimal temperatures along the cavity axis in the millikelvin regime are observed. Simultaneously, the center-of-mass (c.m.) motion along the other two spatial directions is cooled to minimal temperatures of a few hundred millikelvin. Measuring temperatures and damping rates as the pressure is varied, we find that the cooling efficiencies depend on the particle position within the intracavity standing wave. This data and the behavior of the c.m. temperatures as functions of cavity detuning and tweezer power are consistent with a theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experimental limits and opportunities of our approach are outlined.
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