Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.2K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.2K
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

4.0K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
4.0K
Growth Models with Integration: Problem Solving01:27

Growth Models with Integration: Problem Solving

55
In population modeling, integration provides a systematic way to determine accumulated quantities from known rates of change. One such application arises in ecology, where the total weight of a fish population in a body of water is referred to as its biomass. When the rate of growth of this biomass is known as a function of time, calculus can be used to determine the total biomass at a future date.Growth Rate and Biomass FunctionLet the growth rate of the fish population be represented by a...
55
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

27.3K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
27.3K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

6.5K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
6.5K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

2.9K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Interactive Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Framework to Evaluate Bedaquiline Dose Modifications in Adults With Tuberculosis.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2026
Same author

Blood-glucose Profile Evaluation with a Model-based Approach using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data.

The AAPS journal·2026
Same author

Glucose-dependent dynamics of glucagon, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone before and after gastric bypass.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Association of Torque Teno Virus DNA Load and Tacrolimus in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Adult Kidney Transplant Patients.

Therapeutic drug monitoring·2026
Same author

Learning Covariate Relations in Disease Progression Models Using Symbolic Neural Networks.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2026
Same author

Weight-band-based simplification of oral allometric miltefosine dosing in paediatric patients with visceral leishmaniasis.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
08:01

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

6.6K

The integrated glucose insulin minimal model: An improved version.

Moustafa M A Ibrahim1, Anna Largajolli2, Mats O Karlsson3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an improved integrated minimal model for analyzing glucose and insulin dynamics. The enhanced model accurately estimates insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes patients.

Keywords:
Glucose effectivenessInsulin sensitivityMinimal modelNONMEMNonlinear mixed effects

More Related Videos

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
04:41

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

936
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

71.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
08:01

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

6.6K
Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
04:41

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

936
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

71.5K

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • The original integrated minimal model analyzes glucose and insulin dynamics but cannot distinguish hepatic glucose production from disposal.
  • This limitation stems from using total glucose data, leading to unphysiological results for hepatic glucose production.
  • Parameter estimates, particularly for glucose effectiveness (SG), differed significantly when using total versus labeled glucose data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved integrated minimal model addressing the limitations of the original model.
  • To accurately estimate insulin sensitivity (Si) and glucose effectiveness (SG) in both healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes patients.
  • To ensure physiologically plausible dynamic time profiles for hepatic glucose production.

Main Methods:

  • The improved model is based on the non-integrated, two-compartment minimal model.
  • It utilizes labeled and total glucose data from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT).
  • Simultaneous characterization of glucose and insulin dynamics is performed.

Main Results:

  • The improved integrated minimal model provides physiologically plausible hepatic glucose production profiles.
  • Parameter estimates are consistent with the original non-integrated minimal model.
  • The model accurately estimates insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The improved integrated minimal model combines simulation capabilities with accurate estimation of key metabolic indices.
  • It is applicable to both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • This model offers a more robust tool for understanding glucose metabolism.