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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity.

Ricardo Lagoa1, João Silva1, Joaquim Rui Rodrigues1

  • 1School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.

Biotechnology Advances
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Natural compounds show anticancer promise but face bioavailability issues. Advanced drug delivery systems enhance the effectiveness of these anticancer phytoconstituents for better therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:
CancerChemopreventionClinical trialsCurcuminDrug releaseEpigallocatechin-3-gallateLiposomesNanoparticlesPhytochemicalsTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery
  • Natural Products

Background:

  • Natural compounds possess significant anticancer properties.
  • Low bioavailability and selectivity limit the therapeutic application of anticancer phytoconstituents.
  • Drug delivery systems offer a promising strategy to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in drug delivery systems for anticancer phytoconstituents.
  • To analyze strategies for enhancing pharmacokinetics, targeting, cellular uptake, and efficacy.
  • To discuss methods for overcoming drug metabolism and physiological barriers for targeted delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent scientific literature on drug delivery systems for anticancer phytoconstituents.
  • Review of various phytochemicals including flavonoids, resveratrol, celastrol, curcumin, berberine, and camptothecins.
  • Examination of delivery vehicles such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and films.

Main Results:

  • Phytochemicals encapsulated in liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and films demonstrate promising anticancer activity.
  • Targeted delivery strategies (skin, buccal, nasal, vaginal, pulmonary, colon) can increase drug concentration at cancer sites.
  • Methods to avoid drug metabolism and overcome physiological barriers are effective in enhancing therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Drug delivery systems significantly improve the bioavailability and efficacy of anticancer phytoconstituents.
  • Targeted delivery approaches are crucial for maximizing therapeutic benefits and minimizing side effects.
  • Further research is needed to address current limitations and optimize these systems for clinical application.