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Related Concept Videos

Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

3.8K
The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
3.8K
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

854
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
854
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

1.0K
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
1.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.1K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.1K
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

8.4K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
8.4K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.3K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique
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Polymeric Biodegradable Stent Insertion in the Esophagus.

Kai Yang1, Christopher Ling2,3, Tianwen Yuan4

  • 1Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. 98211yangkai@163.com.

Polymers
|April 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal stents manage swallowing difficulties. Biodegradable stents offer advantages over metal or plastic options but require improved support for future applications.

Keywords:
(refractory) benign esophageal stricturebiodegradable stentsdysphagiaesophageal perforation/leakmalignant esophageal stricturepolymer

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Design of a Biocompatible Drug-Eluting Tracheal Stent in Mice with Laryngotracheal Stenosis
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Esophageal stents are crucial for managing various esophageal diseases, improving patient quality of life.
  • Current stents, including partially covered SEMS, fully covered SEMS, and SEPS, present trade-offs between migration, hyperplasia, and removal difficulty.
  • Biodegradable stents (BDSs) offer a promising alternative by eliminating the need for removal, but their lower radial force is a limitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of esophageal stent technologies.
  • To highlight the advantages and limitations of different stent materials and designs.
  • To identify future research directions for biodegradable esophageal stents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current esophageal stent technologies.
  • Comparative analysis of stent materials (metal, plastic, biodegradable) and designs.
  • Discussion of clinical outcomes, including efficacy, complications, and patient quality of life.

Main Results:

  • Partially covered SEMS provide strong anchoring but cause hyperplasia and difficult removal.
  • Fully covered SEMS and SEPS reduce hyperplasia but have higher migration rates.
  • BDSs eliminate removal issues but require enhanced radial support to overcome limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable stents represent a significant advancement in esophageal stent technology.
  • Future research should focus on improving the radial force and support of BDSs.
  • Biodegradable drug-eluting stents (DES) hold potential for treating benign and malignant esophageal conditions.