Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

926
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
926
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

2.4K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
2.4K
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

2.8K
When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
2.8K
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

126.6K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
126.6K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

59.6K
Overview
59.6K
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

44.3K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
44.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potential of quantitative X-ray imaging from photon-counting CT: A novel analysis based on effective atomic number and physical density.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026
Same author

An algorithm to calculate physical density of biomedical objects having 3 ≤ Z<sub>eff</sub> ≤ 20: an application study using clinical photon-counting computed tomography equipment.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

Pancreatic Uptake on 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-Tetrofosmin Myocardial Perfusion SPECT/CT.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2026
Same author

Calibration of diffusion MRI measurements using aqueous glycerin phantoms with controlled viscosity.

Radiological physics and technology·2026
Same author

Quantitative agreement between AMYclz and CortexID for <sup>18</sup>F-florbetapir amyloid PET: a retrospective study of 103 patients.

Japanese journal of radiology·2026
Same author

QTL-Seq and pyramiding of yield-related loci from wild rice (<i>Oryza rufipogon</i> Griff.) introgression lines under nutrient-deficient conditions.

Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

4.1K

Appropriate echo time selection for quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Yuki Kanazawa1, Yuki Matsumoto2, Masafumi Harada3

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. yk@tokushima-u.ac.jp.

Radiological Physics and Technology
|April 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) accuracy depends on echo time (TE). Optimizing TE in QSM provides detailed biomaterial susceptibility information, crucial for advanced MRI applications.

Keywords:
DiamagneticEcho time (TE)Morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI)ParamagneticQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods
05:07

Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods

Published on: September 6, 2024

733
Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals
04:05

Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

Published on: September 24, 2020

4.1K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods
05:07

Author Spotlight: Optimized Lung MRI Protocol with Computationally Efficient Reconstruction Methods

Published on: September 6, 2024

733
Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a vital MRI technique for assessing tissue magnetic susceptibility.
  • Understanding the influence of acquisition parameters, such as echo time (TE), is critical for QSM accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dependence of QSM accuracy on echo time (TE).
  • To evaluate the performance of QSM with varying concentrations of known susceptibility sources.

Main Methods:

  • A phantom with controlled concentrations of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) and calcium hydroxyapatite was used.
  • Multi-echo spoiled gradient-echo data were acquired, and QSM was performed using standard processing steps.
  • Linear regression analysis compared measured and theoretical susceptibility values across different TEs.

Main Results:

  • QSM measurements showed excellent agreement with theoretical susceptibility values for Gd-DTPA across tested TEs (R²=1.00).
  • Similarly, hydroxyapatite measurements demonstrated strong linearity with theoretical values (R²=1.00).
  • The study confirmed a strong correlation between QSM results and substance concentrations, independent of TE within the tested range.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates the reliability of QSM across different echo times for specific concentrations.
  • Optimizing echo time in QSM enhances the ability to extract detailed susceptibility information from biomaterials.
  • This research contributes to refining QSM protocols for more accurate material characterization in biomedical applications.