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Recent Trends in Stratospheric Chlorine From Very Short-Lived Substances.

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Stratospheric chlorine from very short-lived substances (VSLS) increased significantly from 2000 to 2017, impacting ozone depletion. These VSLS have offset recent reductions in stratospheric chlorine.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Ozone Layer Dynamics
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Very short-lived substances (VSLS) like dichloromethane are significant sources of stratospheric chlorine.
  • These VSLS contribute to ozone depletion, a critical environmental concern.
  • Understanding VSLS trends is crucial for predicting future stratospheric chlorine levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify trends in stratospheric chlorine from VSLS (VSLCl_tot) between 2000 and 2017.
  • To assess the contribution of VSLS to total stratospheric chlorine and its impact on ozone depletion.
  • To validate model simulations with novel high-altitude aircraft data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chemical transport model to quantify VSLCl_tot.
  • Incorporated atmospheric measurements, including NASA VIRGAS and POSIDON aircraft data.
  • Compared modeled HCl decline rates with and without VSLS to ACE satellite data.

Main Results:

  • VSLCl_tot increased from 69 (±14) ppt Cl in 2000 to 111 (±22) ppt Cl in 2017.
  • >80% of VSLS chlorine reached the stratosphere via source gas injection.
  • The relative contribution of VSLS to total stratospheric chlorine rose from ~2% to ~3.4% between 2000 and 2017.

Conclusions:

  • VSLS have measurably increased stratospheric chlorine, offsetting some reductions from long-lived halocarbons.
  • The modeled rate of HCl decline in the upper stratosphere is slower when VSLS are included.
  • Continued monitoring is necessary to determine if recent VSLS growth rate variability indicates a transient effect or stabilization.