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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System
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Human beta cells generated from pluripotent stem cells or cellular reprogramming for curing diabetes.

Lauren N Randolph1,2, Agamoni Bhattacharyya1,2, Xiaojun Lance Lian1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine
|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Human beta cells are key to treating diabetes. Research explores generating these cells from stem cells or by reprogramming other cells for potential diabetes cures.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Diabetes affects millions, characterized by high blood glucose due to insulin issues.
  • Beta cells are crucial for insulin production but are destroyed in Type 1 and dysfunctional in Type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for generating functional human beta cells for diabetes treatment.
  • To explore the potential of stem cell engineering and cellular reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into beta cells.
  • Cellular reprogramming of various cell types into beta cells using transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells offer a renewable source for beta cell generation.
  • Advances in identifying key transcription factors may enable efficient cellular reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Generating sufficient functional beta cells is essential for diabetes therapy.
  • Stem cell engineering and cellular reprogramming represent promising avenues for future diabetes cures.