Childhood asthma in low and middle-income countries: Where are we now?

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Pediatric Medicine
• Health Systems Research

Background:

• Pediatric asthma prevalence is increasing globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• This rise poses a significant burden on child health and national healthcare infrastructures.
• Effective asthma management is crucial but faces challenges in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of pediatric asthma management in LMICs.
• To assess key components influencing asthma control, including health system organization, medication availability/affordability, and program/guideline implementation.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review of the current literature and data on pediatric asthma management in LMICs.
• It synthesizes information on health system readiness, essential medication access, and the execution of asthma care programs and guidelines.

Main Results:

• Health system organization varies significantly across LMICs, impacting asthma control efforts.
• Availability and affordability of essential asthma medications remain critical barriers.
• Effective implementation of asthma programs and adherence to guidelines are inconsistent.

Conclusions:

• Improving pediatric asthma control in LMICs requires strengthening health system organization.
• Enhancing access to and affordability of essential asthma medications is paramount.
• Effective implementation of structured asthma programs and guidelines is necessary for better outcomes.