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Using 360° virtual reality as a decision-making assessment tool in sport
Aden Kittel1, Paul Larkin2, Nathan Elsworthy3
1Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Australia.
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|April 17, 2019
Summary
This study found that 360° virtual reality (VR) and match broadcast footage are reliable tools for assessing Australian football umpire decision-making. 360° VR demonstrated higher ecological validity for evaluating in-game decision-making processes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Human Movement
- Performance Analysis
Background:
- Off-field decision-making assessment is crucial for sports officials.
- Traditional methods often rely on broadcast footage, which may lack ecological validity.
- 360° virtual reality (VR) presents a novel approach for immersive assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the reliability and validity of 360° VR and match broadcast footage.
- To assess their suitability for off-field decision-making evaluation in Australian football umpires.
- To compare the ecological validity of both video formats.
Main Methods:
- Two video-based tests (60 clips each) using 360° VR and match broadcast footage were developed.
- Elite and amateur Australian football umpires participated in randomized, counterbalanced testing sessions.
- Test-retest reliability (Cohen's Kappa, ICC) and construct/ecological validity were assessed.
Main Results:
- Both 360° VR and match broadcast tests showed strong reliability (ICC = 0.89).
- Elite umpires significantly outperformed amateur umpires in decision-making accuracy across both formats.
- 360° VR was rated significantly higher for ecological validity compared to match broadcast footage.
Conclusions:
- This study introduces 360° VR as a reliable and valid tool for sports decision-making assessment.
- While both methods show similar reliability and construct validity, 360° VR offers superior ecological validity.
- 360° VR is a promising alternative for assessing umpire decision-making, reflecting in-game processes more accurately.
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