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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Related Experiment Video

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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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[Sturge-Weber Syndrome].

Chieko Sadahira1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) presents with a facial port-wine stain. Early ophthalmologist referral is crucial for suspected SWS cases, as infant MRI may yield false-negative results.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurological disorder.
  • Cutaneous findings include a characteristic port-wine stain, typically along the trigeminal nerve distribution.
  • A novel vascular classification for port-wine stains in SWS has been recently proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cutaneous findings in Sturge-Weber syndrome.
  • To highlight the importance of early ophthalmological screening in suspected SWS cases.
  • To discuss the limitations of early infant brain MRI in SWS diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SWS diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in vascular classification for port-wine stains.

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  • Discussion of current screening recommendations and imaging techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Port-wine stains are a hallmark of SWS, often following trigeminal nerve pathways.
    • A new vascular classification system for port-wine stains associated with SWS is introduced.
    • There is no established consensus on SWS screening protocols.
    • Early ophthalmological referral is recommended for suspected SWS.
    • Infant brain MRI (under 6 months) may produce false-negative results for SWS.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition of the port-wine stain is key for SWS suspicion.
    • Ophthalmological evaluation is critical due to the risk of glaucoma in SWS.
    • Diagnostic imaging, particularly MRI, requires careful consideration of patient age to avoid misdiagnosis.