[Characteristics and Treatment of Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy]

Peripheral autonomic disorders, including autonomic neuropathies, lead to autonomic failure, a condition characterized by reduced autonomic function. The clinical manifestations involve multiple organ systems: in the cardiovascular system, orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and supine/hypertension; in the gastrointestinal tract, gastroparesis, constipation, and diarrhea; and in the lower urinary tract, an underactive bladder. Peripheral autonomic disorders predominantly affect the postganglionic autonomic nerves, resulting in characteristic clinical features. The management of autonomic symptoms relies primarily on non-pharmacological interventions, with pharmacological therapy introduced when these measures are insufficient. This article reviews the clinical features, underlying pathophysiology, and treatment of symptoms associated with peripheral autonomic disorders.