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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Experience with anonymous interactions reduces intuitive cooperation.

William H B McAuliffe1, Daniel E Forster1,2, Eric J Pedersen1,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.

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|April 17, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cooperation is intuitive, but decreases in anonymous lab settings where self-interest is not promoted. This study finds cooperation is equally intuitive for men and women, with no gender differences in giving behavior over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Experimental Economics

Background:

  • The Social Heuristics Hypothesis suggests cooperation is intuitive due to everyday reputational consequences.
  • Previous research indicates cooperation in anonymous lab settings may decrease without reputational feedback or self-interest incentives.
  • Cognitive-processing manipulations have shown effects on cooperation but may introduce confounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cooperation dynamics in laboratory settings, controlling for interpretation issues.
  • To examine how the potential for self-interest and time influence cooperation.
  • To assess gender differences in cooperation intuition and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized within-subjects designs to avoid confounds associated with between-subjects approaches.
  • Compared cooperation levels over time in laboratory paradigms with and without potential self-interest benefits.
  • Analyzed unilateral giving behavior across multiple study sessions to assess changes and gender differences.

Main Results:

  • Cooperation decreased over time in settings where self-interest could not be promoted.
  • Cooperation levels remained stable over time in settings with potential for self-interest.
  • No significant gender differences were found in initial unilateral giving or its decrease over time.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperation's intuitive nature is context-dependent, influenced by the potential for self-interest and reputational consequences.
  • Laboratory findings on cooperation should consider the absence of real-world reputational feedback.
  • Cooperation intuition and behavioral changes over time are consistent across genders.