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Related Concept Videos

Strain-Energy Density01:20

Strain-Energy Density

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Understanding the strain energy density in materials under axial load is crucial for evaluating their mechanical behavior and durability. When a rod is subjected to such a load, it elongates and stores energy, known as strain energy, as potential energy within the material. This energy is measured in terms of energy per unit volume.
In the elastic region of a material, the relationship between the stress and the strain is linear and follows Hooke's Law. The strain energy density in this region...
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What is Energy?04:10

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

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The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

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The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
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Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

27.1K
The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action...
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
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Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors
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Graphene-Graphite Polyurethane Composite Based High-Energy Density Flexible Supercapacitors.

Libu Manjakkal1, William Taube Navaraj1, Carlos García Núñez1,2

  • 1Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group School of Engineering University of Glasgow G12 8QQ Glasgow UK.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed high-energy density flexible supercapacitors using a graphene-graphite polyurethane composite. These advanced energy storage devices offer three times the energy density of similar supercapacitors, enabling longer operation for portable electronics.

Keywords:
energy autonomyflexible supercapacitorsgraphitephotovoltaic cellswearable systems

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Energy autonomy is crucial for portable and wearable electronics.
  • High-energy density storage devices are essential for these systems.
  • Existing supercapacitors often lack sufficient energy density for demanding applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop flexible supercapacitors with significantly enhanced energy density.
  • To investigate the performance of graphene-graphite polyurethane composites for energy storage.
  • To demonstrate the practical applications of these high-performance supercapacitors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of flexible supercapacitors using a graphene-graphite polyurethane (GPU) composite.
  • Characterization of electrochemical performance, including energy density, power density, and cycling stability.
  • Evaluation of the surface morphology and electrical conductivity of the GPU composite.

Main Results:

  • Achieved maximum energy and power densities of 10.22 µWh cm⁻² and 11.15 mW cm⁻², respectively.
  • Demonstrated three times higher energy density compared to similar supercapacitors in the literature.
  • Exhibited stable performance over 15,000 charging/discharging cycles.
  • GPU composite showed high electrical conductivity (0.318 S cm⁻¹) and surface roughness (97.6 nm).

Conclusions:

  • The developed GPU composite-based flexible supercapacitors offer superior energy density and stability.
  • These supercapacitors are suitable for diverse applications, including solar energy packs, prosthetic limbs, high-torque motors, and wearable sensors.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to the unique properties of the GPU composite material.