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Cognitive Function in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Ciro Manzo1,2, Eva Martinez-Suarez3, Melek Kechida4

  • 1Rheumatologic Outpatient Clinic and Gerontorheumatology Service, "Mariano Lauro" Hospital, 80065 Sant'Agnello, Italy. cirmanzo@libero.it.

Brain Sciences
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment, including brain fog and mild cognitive impairment, is common in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Routine cognitive assessments are recommended to address research gaps in pSS patients.

Keywords:
brain fogcognitive functionsdementiafatiguemild cognitive impairmentprimary Sjögren’s syndromesystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Cognitive disorders are frequently observed in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), sometimes appearing years before diagnosis.
  • These neurological manifestations can significantly impact patients' quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on cognitive impairment in pSS.
  • To analyze diagnostic methods, and their correlation with laboratory data and clinical features of pSS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases up to September 14, 2018.
  • Included studies (2002 onwards) assessed cognitive impairment in pSS using AECG classification criteria.
  • Data from 18 studies and 3 case reports involving 6196 participants were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive dysfunction in pSS commonly presents as brain fog or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with occasional autoimmune dementia.
  • The link between pSS and degenerative dementias like Alzheimer's disease remains controversial, though pSS may be a risk factor.
  • Significant research gaps were identified, including lack of data on pSS severity, comorbid diseases, and specific dementia types.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of research on cognitive function in pSS is limited, with small sample sizes and conflicting results.
  • Routine cognitive function assessment in pSS patients is advisable.
  • Further well-designed studies are needed to address identified research gaps and improve understanding of cognitive impairment in pSS.