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The Third Plague Pandemic in Europe
Barbara Bramanti1,2, Katharine R Dean1, Lars Walløe3
11 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Plague outbreaks in Europe, including the Black Death, had significant impacts. Improved sanitation and international efforts successfully eradicated plague from Europe by the 1940s.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Historical disease analysis
- Public health history
Background:
- Plague has a long history in Europe, with major pandemics causing significant mortality and socioeconomic disruption.
- Despite earlier pandemics, Europe experienced plague outbreaks during the Third Pandemic (late 19th-early 20th century).
Observation:
- Digitized records from 1899 to the 1940s allow for detailed tracing of plague introductions and spread in Europe.
- Analysis of historical data and literature reveals potential sources and transmission routes, including the role of rodent populations.
Findings:
- Plague was reintroduced to Europe in 1899 and persisted until the 1940s.
- International collaboration focused on enhanced hygiene and sanitation measures.
Implications:
- Understanding historical plague dynamics informs current disease surveillance and control strategies.
- Effective public health interventions, particularly sanitation, were crucial in eliminating plague from Europe.
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