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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges.

R Salomão1, B L Ferreira1, M C Salomão2

  • 1Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis definitions have evolved from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to a dysregulated host response to infection. Understanding sepsis pathophysiology is key for accurate diagnosis and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis is a leading global cause of death, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries.
  • The understanding of sepsis pathogenesis has evolved, shifting from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Sepsis-1) to a dysregulated host response to infection (Sepsis-3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving concepts, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria for sepsis.
  • To discuss the challenges in differentiating protective versus harmful host responses in sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sepsis definitions and diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological underpinnings of sepsis.

Main Results:

  • Sepsis definitions have progressed from Sepsis-1 to Sepsis-3, emphasizing host response dysregulation.
  • Newer criteria, though data-driven, originated from developed countries and face ongoing debate regarding identification versus prognostication utility.
  • Host responses in sepsis may represent adaptive mechanisms to a hostile environment.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should integrate evolving sepsis definitions with comprehensive clinical observation for accurate patient evaluation.
  • The definition and diagnosis of sepsis remain dynamic, requiring continuous refinement based on new research and diverse clinical contexts.