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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical...
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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Multi-ion Conduction in Li3OCl Glass Electrolytes.

Hendrik H Heenen1, Johannes Voss2, Christoph Scheurer1

  • 1Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , D-85747 Garching , Germany.

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Antiperovskite Li3OCl glasses show high lithium ion conductivity for solid-state batteries. However, mobile chloride ions hinder performance, potentially causing electrode reactions and glass decomposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Antiperovskite glasses like Li3OCl are promising electrolytes for all-solid-state Li ion batteries (ASSBs).
  • Their incorporation into ASSBs has led to unexpected and puzzling properties.
  • Understanding the ionic transport mechanisms in these materials is crucial for battery development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the ionic conductivity and transport mechanisms in a Li3OCl glass.
  • To determine the transference numbers of Li+ and Cl- ions within the glass structure.
  • To assess the suitability of Li3OCl as a single-ion conductor for ASSB applications.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical Li3OCl glass model was created using conventional melt-quench procedures.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate ion conductivities.
  • A polarizable force field was developed and fitted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations on various structures (crystal, glass, melt).

Main Results:

  • High Li+ ion conductivity was predicted, consistent with experimental observations.
  • Significant mobility of Cl- ions was also observed, indicating Li3OCl is not a single-ion conductor.
  • The transference number for Li+ was calculated to be approximately 0.84 (t+ ≈ 0.84).

Conclusions:

  • The Li3OCl glass exhibits substantial Li+ conductivity, a desirable trait for solid-state electrolytes.
  • The co-mobility of Cl- ions presents a significant challenge, potentially leading to irreversible reactions with electrodes.
  • These findings highlight the need for further research to mitigate Cl- mobility and ensure the long-term stability and performance of Li3OCl-based ASSBs.