Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
11:21
Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Published on: January 15, 2013
11.9K
Visualizing flow in an intact CSF network using optical coherence tomography: implications for human congenital
Priya Date1,2, Pascal Ackermann2,3, Charuta Furey4,5
1Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Scientific Reports
|April 19, 2019
Summary
Xenopus tropicalis and optical coherence tomography reveal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics and ciliary dysfunction in congenital hydrocephalus (CH) pathogenesis. This model aids in understanding CH and testing potential human CH genes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is vital for brain development.
- Altered CSF flow dynamics are linked to congenital hydrocephalus (CH), a condition causing lethal ventricular expansion.
- Current CH treatments are limited due to poor understanding of its pathophysiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a model system for analyzing CSF flow dynamics and ciliary function in embryonic brain development.
- To investigate the role of ciliary dysfunction in hydrocephalus pathogenesis.
- To provide a high-throughput platform for testing candidate human CH genes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the genetically tractable frog Xenopus tropicalis.
- Employed optical coherence tomography for in vivo imaging of CSF flow.
- Used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to model human L1CAM and CRB2 mediated aqueductal stenosis.
Main Results:
- Visualized CSF flow within the multi-chambered ventricular system of Xenopus tropicalis.
- Detected multiple distinct polarized CSF flow fields.
- Successfully modeled human CH-associated gene mutations.
Conclusions:
- Xenopus tropicalis offers a novel model for studying CSF flow dynamics and hydrocephalus.
- Ciliary dysfunction plays a significant role in hydrocephalus pathogenesis.
- The developed platform can accelerate the understanding of CH pathophysiology and gene function.
Related Concept Videos
02:26Protein Networks
4.5K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.5K
02:26Protein Networks
2.8K
2.8K
02:18Network Covalent Solids
16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
01:10Computed Tomography
8.1K
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
8.1K
01:25Network Function of a Circuit
681
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
681
02:39Gene Flow
37.6K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
37.6K