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Maternal smoking and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants <29 weeks gestation: a multicenter cohort study

Krystyna Ediger1, Shabih U Hasan1,2, Anne Synnes3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|April 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Exposed infants showed higher risks of death or neurodevelopmental impairment and lower motor scores at 18-21 months corrected age.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Public health

Background:

  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for adverse birth outcomes.
  • Preterm infants face heightened risks for neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • Understanding the long-term neurodevelopmental impact of prenatal smoke exposure is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants exposed to maternal smoking versus those not exposed.
  • To assess the association between prenatal smoke exposure and a composite outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).
  • To evaluate specific neurodevelopmental domains, including motor function, in relation to maternal smoking.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of preterm infants (<29 weeks gestation) evaluated at 18-21 months corrected age (CA) was studied.
  • Infants were categorized based on maternal smoking status during pregnancy.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes, including a composite of death or NDI and Bayley-III motor scores, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Of 2061 infants, 280 (13.6%) had prenatal smoke exposure.
  • Exposed infants had higher odds of the composite outcome (death or NDI) (aOR 1.40).
  • Higher odds of NDI alone (aOR 1.43) and lower Bayley-III motor scores (aOR 1.91) were observed in exposed infants.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
  • This includes an increased risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment and poorer motor function.
  • Findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women.
Abstract

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