Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

5.4K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
5.4K
Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

2.7K
Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
However, the observation of...
2.7K
The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

64.9K
The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
64.9K
The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

33.4K
Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
33.4K
Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.0K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.0K
Pulse01:05

Pulse

3.5K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer.

Oncogene·1999
Same author

Concept design of computer-aided study on traditional Chinese drugs.

Journal of chemical information and computer sciences·1999
Same author

Late onset of renal and hepatic cysts in Pkd1-targeted heterozygotes.

Nature genetics·1999
Same author

delta-catenin, an adhesive junction-associated protein which promotes cell scattering.

The Journal of cell biology·1999
Same author

Numeric modeling of the cardiovascular system with a left ventricular assist device.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·1999
Same author

Exon-I is involved in positive as well as negative regulation of human angiotensinogen gene expression.

Gene·1999

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

882

[Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulating osteogenic differentiation and maturation involves primary cilia-PI3K/AKT

Q Ren1, J Zhou1, M G Wang2

  • 1Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China.

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) stimulate bone growth by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway via primary cilia on osteoblasts. This mechanism promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, offering insights into bone healing.

More Related Videos

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.7K
Construction and Use of an Electrical Stimulation Chamber for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro
08:11

Construction and Use of an Electrical Stimulation Chamber for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2019

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

882
Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
08:14

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

9.7K
Construction and Use of an Electrical Stimulation Chamber for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro
08:11

Construction and Use of an Electrical Stimulation Chamber for Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2019

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoblast differentiation is crucial for bone formation and repair.
  • Primary cilia and the PI3K/AKT pathway are implicated in cellular signaling.
  • Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are known to influence bone healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of primary cilia and the PI3K/AKT pathway in PEMF-induced osteoblast differentiation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which PEMF promotes bone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROB) were exposed to PEMF.
  • PI3K and AKT protein expression, primary cilia length, and incidence were measured.
  • PI3K/AKT signaling was blocked using LY294002.
  • Primary cilia function was inhibited using RNA interference (RNAi) targeting IFT88.
  • Osteogenic differentiation was assessed via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, gene expression (BMP-2, COL-1, OSX), and calcified nodule formation.

Main Results:

  • PEMF exposure increased PI3K and AKT protein expression and primary cilia length in ROB.
  • Blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway or inhibiting primary cilia abolished PEMF's positive effects on osteogenic differentiation markers.
  • PEMF-induced activation of PI3K/AKT signaling was dependent on the presence of functional primary cilia.

Conclusions:

  • PEMF promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
  • This effect is mediated by the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
  • Primary cilia are essential for PEMF to exert its osteogenic effects.