[Characteristics analysis of early gastric cancer under white light endoscopy]

To investigate endoscopic features of early gastric cancer and clinical features of the patients, which may be helpful to provide reasonable suggestions for physicians to diagnose early gastric cancer during preliminary screening of white light gastroscopy.

A total of 271 patients who received endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical operation to confirm early gastric cancer in Peking University Third Hospital from Apr. 2009 to Jun. 2017 were included for the retrospective review. Clinical information was collected, including gender, age, symptoms, family history and physical examination. The endoscopic characteristics of lesions under white light endoscopy were analyzed, including endoscopic long diameter, location, texture, spontaneous bleeding, mucosal color and morphology. The pathologic long diameter, infiltration depth and differentiation degree of early gastric cancer were also summarized.

The study included 271 patients and 279 lesions. Among the 271 cases, 190 were male, 81 were female, average age was (63.7±12.4) years. There were 88 cases (32.5%) and 61 cases (22.5%) with the symptom of abdominal pain and discomfort respectively. The patients with family history of gastric cancer were 20 (7.4%). Abdominal physical examinations of the patients were mostly normal, accounting for 86.0% (233/271). Total detection rate of helicobacter pylori (HP) was 34.2% (79/231), with the highest rate 45.5% (10/22) in 2011 and the lowest rate 28.1% (9/32) in 2014. Among the 279 lesions, the mean endoscopic long diameter was (2.01±1.20) cm. The lesions were mainly single, accounting for 97.0% (263/271). There were 114 cases (40.9%), 62 cases (22.2%), 54 cases (19.4%) in the antrum, angular sulcus and cardia of stomach respectively. The lesions were mostly fragile, accounting for 45.5% (56/123). Most lesions had spontaneous bleeding, accounting for 52.3% (146/279). The mucosal color was mostly normal, accounting for 72.8% (203/279). The most common macroscopic morphology was IIa+IIc type (100 cases, 35.8%) and the lesions usually had mucous membrane damage like erosion and shallow ulcer (127 cases,45.5%). Among the 279 lesions, the mean pathologic long diameter was (2.05±1.48) cm. Intramucosal carcinoma accounted for 61.6% (172/279) and moderate differentiated gastric cancers accounted for 52.8% (131/248).

In order to improve diagnosis of early gastric cancer,superficial elevation and depression of flat lesions as well as mucous membrane damage under white light endoscopy should be taken notice.