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Related Concept Videos

Electric Flux01:15

Electric Flux

9.7K
The concept of flux describes how much of something goes through a given area. More formally, it is the dot product of a vector field within an area. For a better understanding, consider an open rectangular surface with a small area that is placed in a uniform electric field. The larger the area, the more field lines go through it and, hence, the greater the flux; similarly, the stronger the electric field (represented by a greater density of lines), the greater the flux. On the other hand, if...
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Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Shear Diagram01:27

Shear Diagram

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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...
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Magnetic Flux01:18

Magnetic Flux

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The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...
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Calculation of Electric Flux01:25

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Consider the electric field of an oppositely charged, parallel-plate system and an imaginary box between those plates. Let the bottom face of the box be ABCD, and the top face be FGHK. The electric field between the plates is uniform and points from the positive plate toward the negative plate. The calculation of this field's flux through the box's various faces shows that the net flux through the box is zero. Why does the flux cancel out here?
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Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites
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Flux Rope Formation Due to Shearing and Zipper Reconnection.

J Threlfall1, A W Hood1, E R Priest1

  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Mathematical Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY169SS UK.

Solar Physics
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zipper reconnection forms twisted flux tubes, crucial for solar flares and coronal mass ejections. This study numerically demonstrates how untwisted tubes become a twisted flux rope via this process.

Keywords:
Flares, relation to magnetic fieldMagnetic fields, coronaMagnetic reconnection, observational signaturesMagnetic reconnection, theory

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Solar astrophysics
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are driven by magnetic energy release in the solar corona.
  • Flux tubes with significant twist are often observed before these eruptive events.
  • Zipper reconnection is a proposed mechanism for generating this pre-event twist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the first numerical experiment on zipper reconnection.
  • To investigate the formation of a large flux rope from initially untwisted parallel flux tubes.
  • To analyze the magnetic flux linkage, resulting twist, and helicity conversion during this process.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of two parallel, initially untwisted flux tubes.
  • Applying shear to the flux tubes to induce reconnection.
  • Tracking magnetic flux linkage and helicity evolution.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed a large, twisted flux rope from untwisted precursors.
  • Observed clear linkage of magnetic flux from concentrated sources at the simulation base.
  • Quantified the conversion of mutual magnetic helicity to the self-helicity of the flux rope.

Conclusions:

  • Zipper reconnection is a viable mechanism for generating the twist observed in flux tubes before solar eruptions.
  • The simulation provides a foundational understanding of the dynamics and magnetic topology changes involved.
  • This process is key to understanding the build-up of energy for solar flares and CMEs.