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USE OF 2-DIMENSIONAL SAGITTAL KINEMATIC VARIABLES TO ESTIMATE GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING RUNNING.

Joshua D White1, Nina Carson1, Brian S Baum1

  • 1Rueckert-Hartman College of Health Professions, School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO.

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|April 19, 2019
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Clinicians can estimate lower extremity loading during running using step rate and sagittal plane kinematics. This 2D motion analysis method offers a practical alternative to expensive 3D systems for assessing running mechanics.

Keywords:
gait analysisloading raterunning assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Vertical loading rates in running are linked to lower extremity overuse injuries.
  • Traditional measurement requires costly 3D motion capture and force plates, limiting clinical accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if kinetic loading measures can be estimated from step rate and 2D sagittal plane kinematics.
  • To determine the feasibility of using simplified motion analysis for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study involving 10 high school cross-country runners.
  • Collected data using a single high-speed camera (240 fps) and treadmill-based force plates (1000 Hz).
  • Analyzed step rate, sagittal plane kinematics, and ground reaction forces during preferred speed running.

Main Results:

  • Stepwise regression identified a five-variable model (step rate and four kinematic variables) predicting vertical ground reaction force (R² = 0.56).
  • A similar five-variable model predicted average loading rate (R² = 0.51).
  • No significant kinematic differences were found between left and right extremities.

Conclusions:

  • A simplified 2D motion analysis approach can provide reasonable estimates of ground reaction force kinetics.
  • Step rate and sagittal plane kinematics are valuable predictors of lower extremity loading.
  • This method offers a cost-effective and accessible tool for clinicians to evaluate running mechanics.