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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

11.0K
In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is...
11.0K
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

6.2K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
6.2K
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

11.1K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
11.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

3.1K
The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
3.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.0K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.0K
NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:30

NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

5.2K
In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. The chemical shift value depends on the concentration and solvent used.
While α protons of carboxylic acids absorb at 2–2.5 ppm, β protons absorb further upfield.
Carboxylic acids are easily identified by dissolving them in deuterium oxide, which results in a rapid exchange of the acidic protons with deuterium. This leads to the...
5.2K

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments
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RNA Dynamics by NMR Spectroscopy.

Maja Marušič1, Judith Schlagnitweit1, Katja Petzold1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods reveal RNA dynamics at atomic resolution. This review covers techniques for understanding RNA structural changes and excited states across various timescales.

Keywords:
NMR spectroscopyRNAdynamicsmotionrelaxation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Biophysics

Background:

  • RNA molecules perform crucial biological functions that depend on their dynamic structural changes.
  • Understanding these dynamic processes is essential for elucidating RNA mechanisms.
  • New experimental techniques are needed to study RNA dynamics at high resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introduction to RNA dynamics for novices.
  • To review methods for studying RNA dynamics across picosecond to hour timescales.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding RNA structure and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed to study RNA dynamics.
  • Various NMR methods are presented, covering different dynamic timescales.
  • The review details the theory, data acquisition, and analysis for these NMR techniques.

Main Results:

  • New NMR methods provide atomic-resolution insights into RNA dynamics.
  • Previously inaccessible dynamic processes and higher-energy structures of RNA are revealed.
  • RNA's 'Lego-like' structural modularity facilitates the study of its dynamic states.

Conclusions:

  • A broad spectrum of NMR methodologies allows unprecedented detail in studying RNA.
  • Invisible RNA structures and excited states can now be characterized.
  • RNA serves as an excellent model system for investigating dynamic structural changes.