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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Chromatographic Resolution01:15

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In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
The effectiveness of separation can be evaluated by determining the level of separation between two neighboring peaks in a chromatogram, which represents the individual components of a sample.
In chromatography,...
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Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

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A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

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Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Super-Resolution Live Cell Imaging of Subcellular Structures
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Toxicology in the Super-Resolution Era.

Richard Cole1,2

  • 1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York.

Current Protocols in Toxicology
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Super-resolution microscopy offers nanoscale visualization for toxicology research. Careful consideration of biophysical factors and available techniques is crucial for efficient and optimal results in scientific applications.

Keywords:
3-D visualizationfluorescenceimage analysisimagingricin

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Area of Science:

  • Microscopy
  • Toxicology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Light microscopy is a foundational scientific tool with a long history.
  • Super-resolution microscopy techniques have recently surpassed traditional optical limits.
  • These advanced methods allow visualization at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of super-resolution microscopy in toxicology.
  • To guide researchers in selecting appropriate super-resolution techniques.
  • To highlight biophysical considerations for effective application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of commercially available super-resolution microscopy modalities.
  • Discussion of biophysical principles relevant to super-resolution imaging.
  • Analysis of practical considerations for toxicological studies.

Main Results:

  • Super-resolution microscopy can benefit specific toxicological research questions.
  • Different modalities offer unique advantages and limitations.
  • Careful planning is needed to optimize results.

Conclusions:

  • Super-resolution microscopy presents opportunities for advancing toxicology.
  • Researchers must weigh the benefits against practical and biophysical challenges.
  • Due diligence is essential for successful implementation.