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A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Danwei Ruan1, Jianhua Huang2

  • 1School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. rdw1226@163.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 20, 2019
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Summary

A new Particle Swarm Optimization-based uneven dynamic clustering routing protocol (PUDCRP) balances wireless sensor network energy consumption. This approach effectively extends network lifetime by dynamically adjusting clusters and optimizing multi-hop transmissions.

Keywords:
clusteringparticle swarm optimizationrouting protocolwireless sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering
  • Optimization Algorithms

Background:

  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face limited battery life, necessitating energy-efficient routing protocols.
  • Existing protocols often fail to balance energy consumption, leading to the hotspot problem and reduced network lifetime.
  • The hotspot problem, caused by uneven energy depletion, is a critical challenge in WSN longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP).
  • To address the hotspot problem by dynamically adjusting cluster distribution and balancing energy consumption in WSNs.
  • To enhance the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmissions between Base Stations (BS) and Cluster Heads (CH).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the PSO algorithm to identify optimal locations for candidate Cluster Head (CH) nodes.
  • Implementing an adaptive clustering method based on node distribution for more balanced cluster arrangements.
  • Employing a connecting line aided route construction method to optimize multi-hop transmissions between BS and CH nodes.

Main Results:

  • The PUDCRP protocol demonstrates a significant improvement in network lifetime, ranging from 7.36% to 74.21% compared to existing protocols.
  • Achieved a more effective balance of energy consumption across the WSN, mitigating the hotspot problem.
  • Exhibited better scalability, performing well across various network sizes.

Conclusions:

  • PUDCRP effectively extends WSN network lifetime by dynamically managing cluster heads and optimizing routing paths.
  • The protocol significantly balances energy consumption, addressing the critical hotspot issue in WSNs.
  • PUDCRP offers superior performance and scalability for diverse wireless sensor network applications.