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On the Interplay Between Convective Aggregation, Surface Temperature Gradients, and Climate Sensitivity.

David Coppin1,2, Sandrine Bony1

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Summary

Convective aggregation

Keywords:
climate sensitivityconvectionconvective aggregationocean‐atmosphere couplingradiative‐convective equilibrium

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Area of Science:

  • Climate science
  • Atmospheric physics
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Convective aggregation, the clumping of convective clouds, influences Earth's energy balance.
  • Understanding its interaction with sea surface temperature (SST) is key to accurate climate projections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how convective aggregation interacts with sea surface temperature (SST).
  • To determine the effect of these interactions on climate sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Radiative-convective equilibrium simulations using a coupled general circulation model and ocean mixed layer.
  • Imposing various perturbations to the ocean-atmosphere system.

Main Results:

  • Convective aggregation is more sensitive to temperature in coupled simulations than in prescribed SST experiments.
  • Changes in aggregation due to CO2 doubling are smaller than transitions between aggregated states.
  • Aggregation changes alone would cause negative feedback, but coupled interactions with SST gradients amplify positive low-cloud feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions between convective aggregation and SST spatial distribution are critical for climate sensitivity.
  • These interactions can lead to higher equilibrium climate sensitivity than predicted by aggregation changes alone.
  • The findings highlight the importance of coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in climate modeling.