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Published on: June 8, 2022
Apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate: novel effects on lipids, inflammation and kidney biology
Line S Bisgaard1, Christina Christoffersen1,2,3
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet.
Purpose Of Review:
In 2011, the crystal structure of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its capacity to bind sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was characterized. Since then, a variety of studies has increased our knowledge on apoM biology and functionality. From being an unknown and hardly significant player in overall metabolism, apoM has gained significant interest.
Recent Findings:
Key discoveries in the last 2 years have indicated that the apoM/S1P complex has important roles in lipid metabolism (affecting triglyceride turnover), inflammation (a marker of severe sepsis and potentially providing anti-inflammatory signaling) and kidney biology (potential to protect against immunoglobulin A nephropathy).
Summary:
Several studies suggest a potential for apoM/S1P as biomarkers for inflammation, sepsis and nephropathy. Also, a novel chaperone is characterized and could have potential as a drug for treatment in inflammation and nephropathy.
Insights
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) complex shows promise as a biomarker for inflammation, sepsis, and kidney disease. A novel chaperone may offer therapeutic potential for these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its binding of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were first characterized in 2011.
- Research has since expanded understanding of apoM's biological roles and functions.
- Once considered minor, apoM is now recognized for its significant involvement in metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent discoveries regarding the apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate (apoM/S1P) complex.
- To highlight the complex's emerging roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and kidney biology.
- To explore the potential of apoM/S1P as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies published within the last two years.
- Analysis of research on apoM/S1P complex functions.
- Identification of potential therapeutic applications.
Main Results:
- The apoM/S1P complex influences triglyceride turnover in lipid metabolism.
- It serves as a marker for severe sepsis and may possess anti-inflammatory properties.
- The complex shows potential in protecting against immunoglobulin A nephropathy.
Conclusions:
- ApoM/S1P complex shows potential as a biomarker for inflammation, sepsis, and nephropathy.
- A novel chaperone associated with apoM/S1P may be a future therapeutic agent.
- Further research is warranted to explore these clinical applications.
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