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Diabetic retinopathy: Focus on NADPH oxidase and its potential as therapeutic target

Jing-Jie Peng1, Si-Qi Xiong1, Le-Xi Ding1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|April 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic retinopathy involves retinal damage from high blood sugar. Targeting NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, which cause oxidative stress, offers a promising therapeutic strategy for this diabetes complication.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
  • Sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes causes oxidative stress, damaging retinal microvasculature.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to DR pathogenesis via vascular leakage and neovascularization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes and their isoforms in diabetic retinopathy development.
  • To discuss NOX isoforms as potential therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of NOX enzymes in diabetic retinopathy.
  • Analysis of studies investigating NOX isoforms (NOX1-5, DUOX1-2) in retinal pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions targeting NOX in preclinical models.

Main Results:

  • NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a primary source of ROS in the retina, implicated in both early and advanced DR.
  • Different NOX isoforms play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
  • Inhibition or modulation of NOX activity demonstrates beneficial effects on retinal function in DR models.

Conclusions:

  • NOX enzymes, particularly specific isoforms, are key contributors to diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • Targeting NOX isoforms presents a viable therapeutic avenue for managing diabetic retinopathy.
  • Further research into NOX modulation could lead to novel treatments for diabetic eye disease.
Keywords:
ApocyninDiabetic retinopathyDiphenyleneiodoniumGKT137831NADPH oxidaseOxidative stress

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