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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

19.6K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.6K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

3.9K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
3.9K
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.5K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.5K
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.5K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
1.5K
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

4.3K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.3K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

8.3K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
8.3K

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next-Generation Optoelectronics.

Maning Liu1, Haichang Zhang2, Dawit Gedamu3

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) offer tunable optical properties for advanced optoelectronics. Addressing challenges like toxicity and stability is key for their commercialization.

Keywords:
nanocrystalsoptoelectronic devicesperovskitesphotoluminescencephotophysics

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
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Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) exhibit nanoscale quantum confinement.
  • PNCs possess excellent optoelectronic properties, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and optical versatility.
  • They are promising for next-generation optoelectronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss key synthesis strategies for PNCs.
  • To explore the tunable optical properties of PNCs.
  • To highlight photophysical principles and recent device developments.
  • To propose a framework for high-performance, commercializable PNC devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthesis strategies for PNCs.
  • Analysis of tunable optical properties.
  • Correlation of photophysical properties with device performance.
  • Discussion of commercialization challenges (toxicity, stability).

Main Results:

  • PNCs offer a pathway to advanced optoelectronic devices.
  • Synthesis methods and optical properties are well-defined.
  • Key challenges for commercialization include toxicity and stability.
  • Recent developments show promise for PNC-based devices.

Conclusions:

  • PNCs are versatile nanomaterials with significant optoelectronic potential.
  • Further research is needed to overcome toxicity and stability issues for commercial viability.
  • A theoretical scaffold can guide the design of high-performance PNC devices.