Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.3K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.3K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

10.9K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
10.9K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

14.7K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
14.7K
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

12.7K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
12.7K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

1.4K
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
1.4K
Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

6.9K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MRI-Based Volumetric Analysis of the Quadriceps Muscles Correlation With Knee Extension Strength in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Glenoid Pathology Is Similar Between Osteoarthritis and Postcapsulorrhaphy Arthropathy: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same author

Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Radial Meniscal Repair Techniques Including a Novel Dual Tie-Grip Configuration.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Knee Injectables in Young Athletes: Evidence, Recommendations, and Clinical Application.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same author

Return to golf after shoulder arthroplasty: an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons multicenter study predicting performance after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same author

Return to sport after shoulder arthroplasty: an ASES multicenter analysis of sport-specific predictors of performance in reverse shoulder arthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K

Current Workload Recommendations in Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review.

Neil K Bakshi1, Paul M Inclan2, Jacob M Kirsch1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|April 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pitch counts may reduce injury risk for young baseball pitchers, but evidence is limited for college and professional athletes. More research is needed to establish optimal pitch counts for all levels.

Keywords:
baseballinjuryperformancepitch countworkload

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting
04:47

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.5K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K
Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting
04:47

Author Spotlight: Learning Systematic Bronchoscopy in a Simulation-Base Setting

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.5K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Baseball Science
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Pitch count recommendations lack scientific consensus across baseball levels.
  • Existing guidelines for youth, high school, collegiate, and professional pitchers are not well-supported by evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on musculoskeletal responses to pitching workload.
  • To assess workload's impact on injury and performance in baseball pitchers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched for studies on pitching workload, musculoskeletal changes, performance, and injury rates.
  • Included data from Little League, high school, collegiate, and professional baseball.

Main Results:

  • 16 studies focused on youth/high school; 12 on collegiate/professional.
  • Increased workload linked to higher injury risk and fatigue in young pitchers.
  • Limited consensus on workload's effects in collegiate/professional pitchers.

Conclusions:

  • Pitch counts may lower injury rates in youth pitchers, but optimal counts require more research.
  • Conflicting evidence exists for college/professional pitchers; further study is needed.