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Vocal Development in Infants and Toddlers With Bilateral Cochlear Implants and Infants With Normal Hearing.
Taina T Välimaa1, Sari M Kunnari1, Päivi Laukkanen-Nevala2
1Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics and Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Finland.
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|April 24, 2019
Summary
Infants with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) show delayed vocal development initially but make rapid progress after implantation. Their development, however, remains behind typical development milestones in the first year of CI use.
Area of Science:
- Speech-language pathology
- Pediatric audiology
- Developmental linguistics
Background:
- Early identification of profound hearing loss is crucial for intervention.
- Bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) offer a pathway for auditory rehabilitation in infants.
- Understanding vocal development in infants with CIs is essential for tracking progress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the vocal development time course in Finnish-acquiring infants and toddlers with bilateral CIs.
- To compare vocal development between infants with bilateral CIs and those with typical development (TD).
Main Methods:
- A prospective longitudinal study analyzed 5,964 spontaneous utterances from 30 infants (15 bilateral CI, 15 TD).
- Vocalizations were classified into precanonical (PC), basic canonical syllables (BCS), and advanced forms (AF).
- Data were collected over 1 year: pre-implantation and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months post-CI activation for the CI group, and at 6, 9, 12 months for the TD group.
Main Results:
- Both groups showed a decrease in PC vocalizations and an increase in BCS and AF vocalizations over 1 year.
- The bilateral CI group exhibited a lower percentage of PC vocalizations and higher percentages of BCS and AF vocalizations compared to the TD group.
- Significant effect sizes were observed for PC (ηp² = .35), BCS (ηp² = .16), and AF (ηp² = 0.24) vocalizations.
Conclusions:
- Vocal development is delayed in infants with early profound hearing loss before cochlear implantation.
- Infants with bilateral CIs demonstrate rapid vocal advancements post-implantation.
- Despite advancements, vocal development in infants with bilateral CIs remains delayed compared to TD peers during the first year of CI use.
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